Did the Soviets blundered into Afghanistan, and did the American intervention exacerbated the conflict by feeding the Islamic militancy? And how did the rise of Islamic militancy contribute to the rise of bin Laden who masterminded the 9/11?

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    You must support your answer with relevant arguments, historical reasoning, and evidence and properly footnoted in chicago style.

    reference readings:
    BRUCE RIEDEL What we won: Americas Secret War in Afghanistan.

    MUHAMMAD YOUSAF & MARK ADKIN. The Battle for Afghanistan: The Soviets v. the Mujahideen During the 1980s.
    STEVE COLL. 1. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10 [2001]; & 2. Directorate S: The CIA and Americas Secret Wars in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

    GREGORY FEIFER. The Great Gamble: The Soviet War in Afghanistan.

    These are basic references, not text, books.  You can and should develop your own reading list from books and articles  to complete your term paper.  Your paper, and class discussions, should be informed by readings.

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