Primary Case
John is in the third quarter of first grade. He is a reluctant reader. His teacher has determined he is behind in his reading development, reading more like a beginning first grader. John loves tractors, machines, trucks, and anything that goes. John also has a pet German Shepherd named Sparky.
Elementary Case
Susan is halfway through the fourth grade. She is a bright student. Her teacher estimates she is reading two grade levels above the average fourth grader. While she is able to read challenging and understand challenging books, her fluency rate is consistent with a fourth-grade reader. Susan loves horses, castles, and mysteries.
Middle Grades Case
Beth is in seventh grade. While she is a hard-working student, she tested at a fifth-grade level on an informal reading inventory administered by the reading specialist. Beth also struggles with learning new vocabulary. She gets easily embarrassed in class due to her lower reading level. However, she has a solid group of friends. They like to do everything together. Beth enjoys nature, especially the beach.
Special Needs
Tom is in third grade. He recently was diagnosed as having a specific learning disability due to struggles with reading. Tom receives intense reading instruction with the reading specialist five times a week for 30 minutes a session. According to the PALS, Tom is reading similar to a student at the end of first grade. Tom hates to read. He complains every time he has to read in class. Tom loves video games, soccer, and motorcycles.